The next issue is whether or not these time series are cointegrated and whether or not uni-directional and/or two-way causality exists.

Using daily exchange rate and official intervention data from January 1984 to December 2001, this paper examines what effects, if any, foreign exchange operations by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) have had on the level and volatility ...

Episodes of increased global risk aversion, also known as risk-off episodes, have become more frequent and severe since 2007.

... (AUD–USD) Now consider the synthetic ask. In order to buy euros, the trader can buy US dollars by selling Australian dollars and then sell the US dollars to acquire a euro. A trader selling an Australian dollar will get 0.6225 USD. The USD ...

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