22 авг. 2018 г. · Beech bark disease (BBD) is a devastating disease of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) caused by a combination of damage to the bark and vascular tissue ...

In North America, the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga. Through a ...

The disease is the result of an interaction between an insect (a scale) and a fungus (Neonectria) and it only happens when both are present.

Beech bark disease (BBD) is a disease-insect complex that involves both non-native (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and native (Xylococculus betulae) scale insects.

The disease is typically a result of the infestation and feeding by the beech bark scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga, predisposing beech trees to infection by two ...

It is caused by the non-native beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and a fungal pathogen (Neonectria species).

1 июл. 2022 г. · Beech bark disease is a 'disease complex' that consists of an imported insect (the beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga) and two species of bark-cankering fungi.

Minute wounds and injuries caused by the scale insects eventually enable the Nectria fungus to enter the tree. Nectria kills areas of woody tissue, sometimes ...

Beech bark disease causes signifi- cant mortality and defect in Ameri- can ... The scale insect, readily visible on the trees, was considered the cause of.