Can. 1323— No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept: 1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age; 2° was, without fault, ignorant ...

Canon 1323. No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept: 1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age; 2° was, without fault, ...

Canon 1323. No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept: 1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age; 2° was, without fault, ...

No one can be punished for the commission of an external violation of a law or precept unless it is gravely imputable by reason of malice or of culpability.

A person who uses physical force against a cleric or religious or another of Christ's faithful out of contempt for the faith, or the Church, or ecclesiastical ...

Canon 1323. No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept: 1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age; 2° was, without fault, ...

In short, canonical tradition dictates that grave fear does not mitigate from the penalty of excommunication when one consecrates bishops without papal mandate.

A person cannot be excommunited if he/she does not know that he/she has violated a Catholic Church teaching that results in excommunication.

25 янв. 2008 г. · 1323 n. 2). Simply put, if a Catholic is unaware that a particular action is punishable by a sanction, he cannot be sanctioned for doing it!

10 июн. 2024 г. · Canon 1322 affirms that “those who habitually lack the use of reason, even though they appeared sane when they violated a law or precept, are ...