Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction and an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. |
9 окт. 2024 г. · Venn diagram of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ... mechanisms have also been proposed as having roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. Practice Essentials · Pathophysiology · Etiology |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is airflow limitation caused by an inflammatory response to inhaled toxins, often cigarette smoke. |
COPD is caused by both predisposing and precipitating factors. Predisposing factors include old age and low socioeconomic status, while precipitating ... |
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