22 авг. 2018 г. · The eggs hatch in August or September and the crawlers, which have legs and antennae, disperse by crawling to a new spot on the same tree or by ...

How It Spreads · The disease begins with healthy trees being attacked by the scale insect. · While the insect does not move far, some are transported by wind, ...

In North America, the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga. Through a ...

The disease is the result of an interaction between an insect (a scale) and a fungus (Neonectria) and it only happens when both are present. Distribution. Beech ...

The scale insects are spread by wind, animals, and through human movement of beech wood that has intact bark. Beech bark disease results when beech scale is ...

1 июл. 2022 г. · Beech firewood and live trees should not be transported to new areas because beech bark disease can be spread by moving infected plant material.

If beech scale numbers are high, however, Nectria often spreads or coalesces rapidly and is not likely to be restricted by callus formation. Scales cannot.

The disease results when bark, attacked and altered by the beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind., is invaded and killed by fungi, primarily Nectria coccinea ...

15 июн. 2022 г. · Beech bark disease (BBD) is a serious disease that results from a combination of feeding damage by a scale insect and cankers caused by a fungal pathogen.