This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected ...

15: Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctic) · Graphics · Downloads. PDF. Chapter. Download (1,017.9 KB) ...

Permafrost warming and thawing have been widespread in the Arctic since the. 1980s, and there is high confidence in future permafrost warming, decreasing.

The CCP describes how the implications of climate change impacts in the Arctic and Antarctic extend beyond their boundaries, in terms of transregional coupled.

Sub-regions of the Arctic and Antarctic have shown the most rapid rates of warming in recent years. Substantial environmental impacts of climate change show ...

In Arctic seas, warming and other climate impact drivers, primarily sea ice retreat, have led to range contractions of Arctic marine and ice-associated species ...

Arctic species like polar cod (Boreogadus saida) are expected to be affected negatively by a shortened ice covered season and reduced sea ice extent through ...

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change.

17 окт. 2013 г. · The IPCC report notes that multiple lines of evidence support very substantial Arctic warming since the mid-20th century, which is consistent ...

In the Arctic, the report highlights climate impacts like food insecurity for Northern communities, threats to biodiversity—like polar bears—as sea ice ...