italian communes middle ages - Axtarish в Google
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms)
Коммунальное движение Коммунальное движение
Коммунальное движение — в Западной Европе X—XIII вв. движение горожан против сеньоров за самоуправление и независимость. Вначале требования горожан сводились к ограничению феодального гнёта и сокращению поборов. Затем возникли политические задачи... Википедия
After early beginnings in cities such as Pisa and Genoa, virtually every episcopal city in the north formed a communal government prior to 1140.
Cities such as Venice, Milan, Genoa, Florence, Siena, Pisa, Bologna among others, rose to great political power, becoming major financial and trading centers. Early Middle Ages (8th to 9th... · The Holy Roman Empire
The chapter explores the legal and political foundations of the early Italian communes, especially the close, but problematic, ties between cities as the seats ...
entrepreneurial drives is at the heart of late medieval Italian communal history. The prime activity of Italian communes from the twelfth century on seems ...
15 окт. 2024 г. · The communes of Flanders were second only to the Italian communes in size and industrial and commercial organization; at times political ...
These states, also known as Communes, gained the rights and liberties that marked their independence between the late eleventh and the thirteenth century, and ...
31 окт. 2023 г. · Communal Italy' is historians' shorthand for the highly urbanized areas of Lombardy and Tuscany between the twelfth and the early fourteenth ...
23,50 € This book focuses on the period stretching from the end of the 11th century to the first half of the 14th century, exploring the urban universe.
... By the central and later medieval periods, autonomous medieval communes formed across northern and central Italy including in Siena and Arezzo near the ...
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