Laminectomy may be necessary during full-endoscopic discectomy via the interlaminar approach because of narrow interlaminar space, especially at L4-L5. |
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy via the transforaminal approach combined with the interlaminar approach under epidural anesthesia can treat L4/5 and ... |
Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) has less risk of injury to the exiting root and may be applied comfortably even for less experienced surgeons ... |
FEID is a safe and effective alternative for recurrent disc herniation. The successful rate was greater than 90 percent, especially in the younger patients. |
Endoscopic (or 'key hole') discectomy is the most minimally invasive way of removing a disc herniation from the lumbar spine. |
Initial clinical outcomes of PED-TF at L4–5 were equal to those at L5-S1. PED-IL is suitable as a standard method for endoscopic discectomy at L4-L5. |
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