Critical flow occurs when the velocity of water is the same as the speed at which disturbances of the free surface will move through shallow water.

This book covers the introduction and analysis of flows in open channels for use as a text or as a reference book. Strong emphasis is given to the applica- tion ...

Compared to pipe flows, open-channel flows have one more degree of freedom as a result of the free surface. There are essentially two types of open-channel flow ...

The book is an introduction to the hydraulics of open channel flows. The material is designed for undergraduate students in civil, environmental and ...

Open channel flows are flows in rivers, streams, artificial channels, irrigation ditches, partially filled pipe etc. ◇ Basically, it is a flow with free surface ...

1.1 Introduction. An open channel is a flow system in which the top surface of the fluid is exposed to the atmosphere. The term open channel refers to ...

The velocity distribution in a channel section can be measured either by a pitot tube or a currentmeter. The typical patterns of velocity distribution.

Open channel flow, like any topic of engineering interest, is defined and classified partly by its possession of certain characteristic applications and partly ...

UNIT-I- Open Channel Flow. Introduction to Open Channel Flow-Comparison between open channel flow and pipe flow, geometrical parameters of a channel, ...

The prime motivating force for open channel flow is gravity. In engineering practice, activities for utilization of water resources involve open channels of ...