Vertical accountability can be understood as a principal-agent relationship. e.g. elections, where the voters (principals) hold the governments (agents) to ...

Diagonal accountability: means that media and civil society have to hold the government accountable, through, for example, the spread of information, publicity, ...

Vertical accountability refers to the ability of citizens to hold their government accountable through elections. • Horizontal accountability refers to checks ...

Vertical accountability has been described as the power constituents have over politicians by voting on them or not, depending on their overall evaluation of ...

Vertical accountability is when individuals take control of accountability, holding actors accountable directly or delegating that role to members of civil ...

According to Jacobs and Schillemans (Citation2019), vertical accountability can be defined as a relationship between ministries and governments that explains ...

2 авг. 2024 г. · Vertical accountability refers to the mechanisms through which government officials are held accountable to citizens, such as through ...

Vertical accountability is top-down and hierarchical – it enforces compliance with laws and regulation and/or holds schools accountable for the quality of ...

20 мая 2020 г. · Vertical accountability is a relationship between unequals (the government and citizens), while horizontal accountability is a relationship ...

23 апр. 2023 г. · According to Jacobs and Schillemans (2019), vertical accountability can be defined as a relationship between ministries and governments that ...